THE CAROLINAS.

Professor John Fiske delivered the ninth in his series of lectures on southern colonial history last evening in Sanders Theatre. He traced the development and history of the three southern colonies-North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

In the summer of 1669, Bacon, the great philosopher, drew up a constitution for Carolina, one of its central ideas being that of complete religious freedom. Emigration from Virginia began as early as 1653, the emigrants settling north of Albemarle Sound. Another settlement was made at the mouth of the Cape Fear River by people from the Barbadoes, and still a third near the site of the present Charleston.

The unharbored coast and the malarial swamps of North Carolina had turned the course of the earliest settlers northward toward Virginia. Soon the discontented and lawless from the latter colony emigrated southward and formed a separate settlement, which on account of its make-up was in a condition bordering on anarchy. The industries-purely agricultural-were, however, more varied than in Virginia. The main staples were tobacco in the north and rice in the south. The absence of manufactures and commerce made town life uncommon, most of the people being small farmers and living on small and widely scattered plantations. The country swarmed with ruffians, and life and property were very insecure. The character of the population was much bettered in 1711 by immigrations of Germans, Hugenots and Scotch Highlanders, and in 1719 by a large delegation of thrifty Scotch-Irish from Ulster, who soon became the strongest element in the society of the colony.

In South Carolina, where more than half of the population was non-English, the general character of the immigration was excellent. Most of them came for religious reasons, a great majority being Hugenots. They lived under the parish system of local self-government, much as it existed in England.

Rice and indigo-the main products-largely determined the social life of the colony. The cultivation of the former being especially unhealthy, and negroes being cheap, it became more profitable to work the slaves to their utmost capacity while they lived. This did much to keep the slaves in a state of savagery, and the people lived in constant dread of negro revolts. Accordingly none of the planters lived on their estates, but left them to the management of overseers, while they went to live in Charleston, where a brilliant society existed.

The trouble constantly threatened by the Spaniards caused the settlement of Georgia by Gen. James Oglethorpe in 1732. He brought many insolvent English debtors to this place to serve as an outpost against the Spanish. The colony was to be governed by trustees, but this proved unpopular, and a representative system was introduced.

Dr. Fiske closed with a comparison of life in New England and in the Carolinas, saying that in his opinion with such differing conditions the Civil War was inevitable.